Strictly speaking, there are only surfaces covered with marks. The rest is human interpretation of them. This could be argued that 'there are examples of graphics where shapes and colours are not employed to represent data'.

The answer to this might be:

'We agree that any conscious design activity implies some kind of analytical thinking. And where there's analysis, there's data. Therefore, any graphic design is dealing with representing data, and so there's no entity as Data Visualisation which would be separate from any other designing activity. And in turn, this proves that Data Visualisation is a term which was created artificially.'

I.e. we came up with term 'data visualisation' so that, on one side, we'd have a certain theoretical framework to facilitate working with what interests us most, and on another, to make sure clients pay us more and with greater ease.

Various sketches, Winter 13-14 (7)

Live better!

Advertisment posters at The Guardian:

Some other illustration work done for the interactive (which is going to come live here in three weeks, watch this space!):

Various sketches, Winter 13-14 (6)

Colour exercises 1 and 2

Various sketches, Winter 13-14 (5)

Tate Britain:

British Museum:

Various sketches, Winter 13-14 (4)

Dead rat:

Near Waterloo:

West Brompton, overground station

Various sketches, Winter 13-14 (3)

British Museum: Some shoes:

3-second sketches:

Two sketches of Battersea (from other side of the river)

Various sketches, Winter 13-14 (2)

Near Hyde Park

Various sketches, Winter 13-14 (1)

Stockhausen at Roundhouse: Underground:

Explanation of perspectives

Perspective, depending on the angle of picture plane to picture's surface. When two planes are parallel, it creates a top view (as in most maps). When perpendicular, it is a front view. Sharper angles create deep perspectives, flatter angles are less deep. (map of Rome from Otto Neurath, p.151)